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"Improving
energy efficiency is essential in order to extend
limited resources and reduce climate change.
At least $1 Billion could be added to Australia’s
GDP through identifying and implementing energy
efficiency opportunities. It is very achievable,
but we need people with practical energy efficiency
training to see and grasp the opportunities.
This online training program by TNEP is a comprehensive
online resource to help business, government
and households grasp these opportunities."
Geoff Andrews,
Director, Genesis Auto, Australian Energy Efficiency
Expert
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"Engineers
and designers will play a critical role in progress
towards sustainability (A Sustainable Energy
Future). But they will need to apply new techniques
and approaches, and to work more closely with
other disciplines. This Portfolio of resources
will help engineers and designers to be part
of the solution instead of part of the problem.
It is an important step forward in engineering
education."
Adjunct Professor
Alan Pears, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
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"The
work of the Natural Edge project makes me feel
optimistic. This team of four young engineers
with an extraordinary set of global networks
has produced a three-part bible on how to reduce
your emissions. It's enormous, but don't be
put off by the size. It's designed so that you
only need to read the chapters that relate to
your business."
Alexandra De Blas,
ABC
Science Show
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"It
is vital that greenhouse gas reductions are
reduced cost effectively. These lectures by
TNEP show that significant energy efficiency
opportunities exist in many common industrial
automation and heating systems. These lectures
also point to the significant potential for
heat recovery and co-generation for many industries,
and provide industry with a solid resource to
help them start identifying energy efficiency
opportunities. I believe there will be great
interest in these lectures as energy efficiency
is the most cost effective way for industry
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions quickly,
with little cost to existing processes."
Dr Glenn Platt,
Group Leader of Demand Side Energy Systems,
CSIRO Division of Energy Technology
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"The
latest climate science from the IPCC shows that
to avoid dangerous climate change, significant
and rapid reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
will be needed. The online Sustainable Energy
Solutions Portfolio by The Natural Edge Project,
in partnership with Griffith Uni and ANU, will
help ensure all engineers and built environment
professionals can rapidly update their skills
and knowledge on renewable energy and energy
efficiency practice. This Portfolio will also
help many universities update their courses
and also act as a good online learning companion
for existing university courses in Sustainable
Energy."
Dr Mike Dennis,
ANU Engineering Department, Research Fellow
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"The
InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG), with over
3,700 hotels worldwide, understands its responsibility
to respect the environment and manage its impacts
for the benefit of the communities in which
it operates. The IHG CEO, Andy Cosslett has
acknowledged that “Climate change
is one of the biggest challenges facing the
world today and how we respond will shape the
lives of future generations.” An
essential component of implementing sound environmental
practices is to provide relevant training and
resources. The CSIRO Energy Transformed and
National Framework for Energy Efficiency funded
Sustainable Energy Solutions Portfolio by The
Natural Edge Project provides a valuable resource
for hotels owners and operators to better understand
the climate change issues and how hotels can
exhibit their commitment to achieving greater
energy efficiency."
Frank Hubbard,
Director of Sustainability, InterContinental
Hotels Group Australia/New Zealand/South Pacific
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"The
purpose of this statement is to express my appreciation
to the CSIRO and the National Framework for
Energy Efficiency for funding the creation of
a series lectures on sustainable development
prepared by The Natural Edge Project. In early
2007, I attended a The Natural Edge Project
Research Director Michael Smith's seminar "Engineering
Education for Sustainable Development"
at the ANU Department of Engineering. I was
impressed that the material was available under
a Creative Commons License and so available
freely for use. I was sceptical as to if hard
headed engineers would be comfortable with the
environmental idealism reflected in some of
the content. Since that time environmental issues
such as climate change have become a mainstream
issue. The draft ICT lecture for TNEP’s
Engineering Sustainable Solutions Portfolio,
which myself and the Academic Principal of ACS's
Computer Professional Education Program Dr David
Lindley have reviewed, will make a very useful
contribution to the education of ICT professionals,
both in Australia and world wide. The ACS is
currently working with the IT professional bodies
of other nations on common world standards for
education. Sustainable development is an area
which is likely to be a priority and one where
CSIRO, NFEE and TNEP will have made a valuable
contribution."
Tom Worthington,
Director, Australian Computer Society Professional
Development Board
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"Overall
I think your lectures are excellent and will
serve a vital purpose in conveying the principles
of energy efficiency to IT practitioners."
Dr David Lindley,
Academic Principal, ACSEducation, Australian
Computer Society
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"Wow!
What a toure de force!! Congratulations on such
an important production. Practical advice, easily
accessed on a mass of detailed themes. This is
a resource like a dictionary or thesaurus - to
be kept handy by planners, designers, engineers
and all environmentally concerned professionals."
Emeritus Professor
Valerie Brown, Australian National University |
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The
Engineering Sustainable Solutions Program
Sustainable
Energy Solutions Portfolio
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Energy Transformed: Sustainable Energy Solutions
for Climate Change Mitigation
This
600+ page Online Textbook provides free access
to a comprehensive education and training package
that brings together the knowledge of how countries,
specifically Australia, can achieve at least 60
percent cuts to greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
This resource has been developed in line with
the activities of the CSIRO Energy Transformed
Flagship research program which is focused on
research that will assist Australia to achieve
this target. This training package provides industry,
governments, business and households with the
knowledge they need to realise at least 30 percent
energy efficiency savings in the short term while
providing a strong basis for further improvement.
It also provides an updated overview of advances
in low carbon technologies, renewable energy and
sustainable transport to help achieve a sustainable
energy future. Whist this education and training
package has an Australian focus, it outlines sustainable
energy strategies and provide links to numerous
online reports which will assist climate change
mitigation efforts globally. This training program
seeks to compliment other initiatives seeking
to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
through behaviour change, sustainable consumption,
and constructive changes in economic incentives
and policy.
Citation: Smith,
M., Hargroves, K., Stasinopoulos, P., Stephens,
R., Desha, C. and Hargroves, S. (2007) Energy
Transformed: Sustainable Energy Solutions for
Climate Change Mitigation, The Natural Edge
Project (TNEP), Australia.
The
Energy Transformed: Sustainable Energy Solutions
for Climate Change Mitigation online textbook
is being promoted by respected institutions, media
outets and information clearinghouses like Engineers
Australia, CSIRO,
The
National Business Leaders Forum on Sustainable
Development (Forum Papers), the
ABC Science Show, Your
Building, Teach
Sustainability, TakingITGlobal and Sustainable
Melbourne.
Listen
to TNEP Research Director Michael Smith talks
to ABC Radio National's The Science Show on
climate change and the Energy Transformed
online textbook at the 2008 National Business
Leaders Forum on Sustainable Development (MP3
25 MB, at 16:58).
Module
A: Understanding, Identifying and Implementing Energy
Efficiency Opportunities for Industrial/Commercial
Users – By Technology
Chapter
1: Climate Change Mitigation in Australia 's Energy
Sector
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The
aim of this lecture is to provide an overview
of the challenges and exciting opportunities
facing Australia’s energy future. A clear
understanding of these opportunities and risks
will assist understanding of the range of interacting
drivers for change within Australia’s
energy sector. This lecture also provides an
overview of energy efficiency and low carbon
technology opportunities for Australia (to be
covered in more detail throughout the three
modules). This lecture will highlight that collectively
the technologies and design strategies currently
available can help Australia to achieve significant
reductions in the emissions of greenhouse gases
by 2050. |
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The
aim of this lecture is to demonstrate the business
and economic case for action on climate change.
Engineers and designers often need to convince
business managers of the cost benefits of developing
and implementing strategies to reduce energy
demand and greenhouse gas emissions. It is important
to be aware of the competitive advantage benefits
to their organisation of taking a pro-active
stance on climate change. Business, government
and other organisations are now committing to
achieve significant greenhouse gas reductions
like never before. This lecture will show that
through energy efficiency, low carbon technology
strategies, and carbon offsets, many companies
and governments have achieved significant greenhouse
gas reductions and cost savings. |
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The
aim of this lecture is to overview the benefits
of implementing energy efficiency strategies
to business and the Australian economy (which
is the focus of Modules 1 and 2 of this portfolio).
This lecture outlines how applying a Whole System
Approach to identifying energy efficiency opportunities
can help to realise larger energy efficiency
savings than has been achieved in the past.
A Whole System Approach can help to achieve
80 percent (Factor 5) or greater energy-efficiency
savings in new designs. This lecture emphasises
the value of engineering, architect and design
teams working together to undertake integrated
front-loaded design to identify energy efficiency
opportunities for new designs at the start of
the project. |
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The
most cost effective way to help Australia rapidly
progress to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change’s (IPCC) recommended greenhouse
gas reduction targets is to identify and implement
energy efficiency savings. This lecture provides
business, industry and other organisations with
a clear step by step process on identifying
and implementing energy efficiency opportunities
in existing and new systems, and there are now
a wide range of online resources freely available
to help achieve this. |
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Chapter
2: Energy Efficiency Opportunities for Commercial
Users
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The
aim of this lecture is to demonstrate that built
environment design teams that adopt an integrated,
front-loaded approach to design can create superior,
more sustainable built environments. In particular,
this lecture will assess the current demand
for commercial green building design, and will
explore the challenge this presents to practicing
design professionals. This lecture will present
case studies where the front-loaded design of
commercial buildings has provided quantifiable
benefits, including a reduction in energy consumption,
resulting in reduced greenhouse gas emissions,
reduced water consumption, improved comfort
levels, and cost saving benefits. |
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This
lecture aims to review the energy efficiency
opportunities in commercial buildings and covers
key components of design, selection and operation
of various resources and systems. In 2001 the
Federal Government estimated that Australian
commercial buildings produced 8.8 percent of
the national greenhouse emissions. This lecture
focuses on energy efficiency opportunities in
lighting and embodied energy. Energy efficiency
opportunities for HVAC systems are covered next
in Lecture 2.3, and energy efficiency opportunities
in office equipment are covered in detail in
Lecture 5.3 on the IT Sector. A clear understanding
of energy efficiency opportunities will assist
engineers and other students of these modules
to realise potential energy efficiency improvements
in their commercial buildings. |
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The
Australian Greenhouse Office states that ‘Air-conditioning
accounts for around half the total energy use
of your buildings.’ While it is possible
to design commercial buildings that reduce or
eliminate the need for traditional mechanical
HVAC systems (as shown in Lecture 2.1), most
commercial buildings in Australia have mechanical
HVAC systems. Hence this lecture reviews the
energy efficiency opportunities in HVAC systems.
In addition, many engineers and architects are
expected to design HVAC systems into new buildings
to meet specified requirements. This lecture
addresses the question of how can more efficient
HVAC systems be designed? This lecture also
looks at seven ways to reduce the overall load
required from HVAC systems. A clear understanding
of energy efficiency opportunities will assist
engineers and other students of these modules
to realise potential energy efficiency improvements
in HVAC systems. Since the study of HVAC systems
is a large field, this lecture builds on and
refers to significant existing online training
resources. |
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Chapter
3: Energy Efficiency Opportunities for Industrial
Users
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To
review the energy efficiency opportunities in
motors systems. Lecture 3.1 covers key components
of design, operation and maintenance. A clear
understanding of energy efficiency opportunities
will assist engineers and other students of
these modules to realise potential energy efficiency
improvements in their motor and similar systems. |
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The
aim of this lecture is to cover the key components
of design, operation and maintenance for boiler
and steam distribution systems. A clear understanding
of energy efficiency opportunities will assist
engineers and other students of these modules
to realise potential energy efficiency improvements
in their boiler and similar systems. |
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The
aim of this lecture is to introduce key technological
components and provide a high-level procedure
for designing an efficient cogeneration system.
A clear understanding of co-generation and technological
components will assist engineers and other students
of these modules to realise potential energy
efficiency improvements in their facilities. |
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Module
B: Understanding, Identifying and Implementing Energy
Efficiency Opportunities for Industrial/Commercial
Users – By Sector
Chapter
4: Responding to Increasing Demand for Electricity
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In the past many engineers
have simply been asked to ensure that our societies
can meet rising electricity and energy demand
through building more supply infrastructure. Often
decision makers have failed to ask the right questions,
such as; why is electricity demand increasing
so significantly? And can it be better managed?
This lecture seeks to provide a base understanding
of the related issues, through a consideration
of the range of factors driving rising base and
peak load electricity demand. Lectures 4.2-4.4
will explore a range of options to strategically
respond to such factors of growth and deliver
an effective combination of demand management
and energy generation. |
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Pursuing energy efficiency opportunities
in the residential and commercial sectors is a
strong strategy for Australia to reduce peak load
electricity demands and the need for new energy
supply and infrastructure while improving the
quality of life for the majority of working Australians
and their families (given that most Australians
spend the majority of their lives in residential
and commercial buildings). Lecture 4.1 showed
that a rapid increase of electricity used for
air-conditioning and heating plus lighting and
refrigeration in the commercial and residential
sector is what is driving rising peak electricity
demand. Lecture 4.2 now addresses what can actually
be done to reduce peak electricity demand. |
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In Lecture 4.1 the question of what
was driving increasing base load electricity demand
was addressed. Over the last century in Australia
electricity demand has doubled almost every 20
years. It will be impossible to achieve 60 percent
reductions in greenhouse gas emissions if base
load electricity demand continues like this. To
achieve a 60 percent reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions, base load electricity demand, as well
as peak electricity demand, needs to be reduced.
The aim of this lecture is to communicate how
best to do this. This lecture is heavily based
on the research and papers of Adjunct Professor
Alan Pears (with permission). |
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The aim of this lecture is to introduce
a deeper understanding of a key barrier to the
uptake of energy efficiency; namely that Australian
electricity utilities in all states and territories
other than Qld and NSW are financially worse off
if they help their customers become more energy
efficient. This lecture seeks to outline how this
is a driving force for increasing greenhouse gas
emissions and escalating costs of electricity
that undermines efforts in energy efficiency,
demand management and low carbon technologies.
This lecture shows that California and other states
in the USA have proven that it is possible to
create incentives to reward electricity utilities
for helping their customers to use less electricity.
This lecture shows that such regulatory changes
can lead to dramatic changes in demand for electricity
and thus significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions
when initiated in conjunction with energy efficiency
initiatives and peak and base load management.
Finally, the lecture also provides a succinct
overview of efforts to address this issue in Australia.
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Chapter
5: Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Large Energy
Using Industry Sectors
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The Aluminium, Steel
and Cement Sectors are significant contributors
to greenhouse gas emissions. Hence the educational
aim for this lecture is to provide an overview
of the energy efficiency opportunities in the
aluminium, steel and cement sectors, and to provide
access to the best online resources, outlining
in detail the energy efficiency opportunities
for each sector. |
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Globally, the manufacturing sector
contributes more than any other industry sector
to global greenhouse gas emissions. Most studies
suggest that China, which has the largest manufacturing
sector in the world, either has already surpassed,
or will surpass soon, the US as the largest greenhouse
gas emitter. The three largest uses of energy
in Australia are electricity generation (30.8
percent), transport (24.3 percent) and manufacturing
processes (22.6 percent), which together account
for some 75 percent of Australia’s energy
consumption. Research by the National Framework
for Energy Efficiency have found that for the
Australian manufacturing sector there are, on
average, 23 percent of energy efficiency opportunities
with a four year or less pay back period, and
up to 45 percent energy efficiency opportunities
with an eight year or less pay back period. The
aim of this lecture is to provide an overview
of these opportunities and also provide detailed
online energy efficiency opportunity resources
for each part of the Australian manufacturing
sector. |
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The information and communication
technology (ICT) sector significantly contributes
to greenhouse gas emissions globally and in Australia.
The aim of this lecture is to provide an overview
of the energy efficiency opportunities in the
ICT sector, and to provide access to the best
online resources outlining the energy efficiency
opportunities for the sector. |
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Chapter
6: Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Light Industry
and Commercial Sectors
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The aim of this lecture
is to explain why reducing greenhouse gas emissions
is in the best interests of the Tourism and Hospitality
Industry. This lecture will highlight the many
opportunities for tourism and hospitality businesses
to simultaneously reduce their impact on the environment,
increase profit margins, create a stronger marketing
image, and offer a more attractive workplace for
staff and a better service to customers. These
outcomes may be achieved by improving the energy
efficiency of a business, particularly by ensuring
the appropriate management and use of hot water,
air-conditioning, lighting, catering facilities,
leisure facilities, and by ensuring an appropriate
building design. |
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The aim of this lecture is to outline
the financial benefits to be gained from seeking
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the food
processing sector and major food retail (supermarket)
outlets. This lecture overviews the many energy
efficiency opportunities in the food processing
and food retail industries and highlight where
to find freely available online energy efficiency
manuals and resources for the food processing
sector. |
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This lecture is adapted, with permission,
from a comprehensive report on Energy Efficiency
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Fast Food Restaurants
by Adjunct Professor Alan Pears funded by the
NSW Sustainable Energy Development Authority.
The fast food sector is a rapidly expanding sector
in countries all over the world, and this lecture
aims to show that through effective front-end
design and retrofitting, energy efficiency savings
of over 50 percent are possible in many fast food
restaurants. This is the first comprehensive overview
of energy efficiency opportunities in this sector
to be made freely available online, value-adding
to the best current online energy efficiency information
portals such as the UK Carbon Trust. |
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Module
C: Integrated Approaches to Energy Efficiency and
Low Emissions Electricity, Transport and Distributed
Energy
Chapter
7: Integrated Approaches to Energy Efficiency and
Low Emissions Electricity
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The aim of this lecture
is to overview a range of current technologies
that can assist to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
from fossil fuel electricity generation, and to
demonstrate that significant reductions could
be achieved in this sector. Since this is a very
large topic, this lecture also seeks to provide
students with an introduction to some of the most
respected and comprehensive online publications
in this field. |
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The aim of this lecture is to outline
how renewable energy can be very effective at
helping business and the whole economy meet peak
load demand, as renewable energy sources like
co-generation, wind and solar produce the most
amount of energy during peak load times of the
day. This lecture also outlines a number of the
hidden benefits of utilising small modular distributed
energy systems, instead of large centralised systems,
to meet variable peak load demand. |
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The aim of this lecture is to provide
an overview of the many ways that different forms
of renewable energy can, individually and in combination,
help to meet rising base load electricity demand
and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This lecture
also aims to provide an awareness of the diversity
of ways renewables can contribute to meeting base
load electricity demand, as well as giving an
overview and context outlining the potential ways
that renewable energy can contribute to help Australia
achieve at least 60 percent reduction in 1990
levels of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. |
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The aim of this lecture is to compliment
Lecture 7.3 by outlining how a seemingly intermittent
energy source like wind power can, individually
and in combination, help to meet rising base load
electricity demand and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
This lecture aims to ensure that students have
an awareness of the diversity of ways renewables
can contribute to meet base load electricity demand.
To outline four of the main hidden benefits of
utilising distributed energy supply options. This
lecture also provides a further overview and context
outlining the potential ways that renewable energy
can contribute to help Australia achieve a 60
percent reduction in 1990 levels of greenhouse
gas emissions by 2050. |
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Chapter
8: Integrated Approaches to Energy Efficiency
and Transport
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Already
oil production has peaked in over
60 countries, peaking in the US
in 1972. Today the US currently
uses 150 billion gallons of petrol
per annum for transportation. If
other nations burned gasoline at
the same rate, world consumption
would rise by a factor of 10. Most
of the world’s remaining oil
supplies exist in politically unstable
regions of the globe. The aim of
this lecture is to explain the current
and projected world oil supply/demand
situation and the likelihood of
world oil production peaking in
the near future. This lecture seeks
to explain the implications of world
oil production peaking, as well
as providing an overview of the
low carbon options now available
to reduce oil usage. This lecture
suggests there needs to be an integrated
approach to addressing both the
need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
and oil dependency. |
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Using the best technologies
on existing internal combustion
engine vehicles can provide up to
25 percent energy efficiency gains,
and that is a good start, but taking
a whole system design approach to
energy efficiency opportunities
for transportation vehicles (cars,
trucks, motorbikes, SUVs) can yield
larger savings. This lecture introduces
how taking a whole system approach
to energy efficiency in the design
of new transportation vehicles can
achieve in excess of 50 percent
overall energy efficiency improvement.
This lecture demonstrates how these
innovations open up options for
new low carbon alternative fuels
to be used in most types of transportation
vehicles, and focuses on how such
integrated approaches to energy
efficiency and low carbon fuel options
create the potential for still greater
reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
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Globally, trucking
is one of the largest contributors
to transportation emissions, and
this is forecast to more than double
over the next 50 years if business-as-usual
continues. Transportation contributes
15 percent of Australia’s
greenhouse gas emissions, and approximately
15 percent of road transportation
emissions come from freight trucks.
Greenhouse gas emissions from the
trucking sector have risen in Australia
by 47 percent between the years
1990 and 2005. The goal of this
lecture is to outline ways that
greenhouse gas emissions can be
cost effectively reduced from the
trucking sector. |
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Chapter
9: Integrated Approaches to Energy Efficiency
and Distributed Energy
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This lecture
shows in more detail the range of
energy efficiency opportunities
in the home. Greater efficiency
of lighting and appliances can allow
the domestic residential sector
to meet their energy needs by using
solar power and solar hot water
systems. This lecture compliments
the federal Government initiative
that in 2007 will be sending pamphlets
to all homes in Australia outlining
the steps needed to become a climate-neutral
home. The residential sector accounts
for 20 percent of Australia’s
greenhouse gas emissions and contribute
disproportionately to the peak electricity
demand in Australia. Achieving climate-neutral
homes would help significantly to
assist Australia as a whole to achieve
60 percent greenhouse gas reductions
by 2050, which is the goal of the
CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship,
supported by the recommendation
of the Australian Business Roundtable
on Climate Change. |
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The aim of this lecture
is to demonstrate the benefits of
front-loaded design, and to demonstrate
the opportunity for Australian built
environment professionals to show
leadership in sustainable designs.
A case study of an exemplary Australian
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